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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1038</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2026-21-1-85-95</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИЯ ГЕМОПОЭТИЧЕСКИХ СТВОЛОВЫХ КЛЕТОК</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparison of the infectious and immunological safety of a low-bacterial and modified diet in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adults</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнение инфекционной и иммунологической безопасности низкомикробной и модифицированной диеты при аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у взрослых</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6114-3214</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kucher</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучер</surname><given-names>Максим Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой</p></bio><email>doctorkucher@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6161-1444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>Никита Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой</p></bio><email>doctorkucher@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0961-7103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarakanova</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тараканова</surname><given-names>Юлия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой</p></bio><email>doctorkucher@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gogoleva</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гоголева</surname><given-names>Тамара Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой</p></bio><email>doctorkucher@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saltykova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салтыкова</surname><given-names>Наталья Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой</p></bio><email>doctorkucher@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kanunnikov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Канунников</surname><given-names>Михаил Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой</p></bio><email>doctorkucher@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-0107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasova</surname><given-names>Y. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власова</surname><given-names>Юлия Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой</p></bio><email>doctorkucher@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9589-4136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulagin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулагин</surname><given-names>Александр Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой</p></bio><email>doctorkucher@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I. P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Онкогематология</issue-title><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-10"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВпресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВпресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.eco-vector.com/ongm/article/view/1038">https://oncohematology.eco-vector.com/ongm/article/view/1038</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Malnutrition is an aggravating factor in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Due to the need for the intestinal microbiome protection, which is a key element in homeostasis and is under complex negative effects, a theory aimed at liberalizing dietary restrictions is being developed, which creates the basis for improving the patient’s self-feeding and leads to a number of positive outcomes.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To evaluate the infectious and immunological safety of a modified diet in HSCT.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> From 2022 to 2023 at the Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute 406 allogeneic HSCT recipients over 18 years old, who followed a low-bacterial (LBD) (<italic>n</italic> = 177) or modified diet (MD) (<italic>n</italic> = 229) were enrolled to the randomized trial. The concept of LBD included generally accepted anti-infective restrictions in HSCT, the absence of gluten, lactose, and yeast-containing products. Under MD, only the principles of anti-infective measures were maintained in the preparation, storage, transportation and dishes consumption, and the prohibition of a sharply limited list of foods that are difficult to digest and capable of mechanically injuring the oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract mucous membrane.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The patient groups were homogeneous in diagnosis, graft source, HLA-compatibility between the recipient and the donor, conditioning regimen intensity and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis, except for the age: MD group – 42.3 years, LBD group – 38.4 years; <italic>p</italic> = 0.009. The one-year overall survival was similar in both groups: 72 % for MD and 75 % for LBD; <italic>p</italic> = 0.6. Relapse-free one-year mortality was comparable between the groups: 8.7 % for MD <italic>versus</italic> 9.1 % for LBD; <italic>p</italic> = 0.9. Graft engraftment at day 30 did not differ: 83 and 92 %, respectively; <italic>p</italic> = 0.2. The incidence of graft-versus-host disease grade 3–4 was 3.4 % in the MD group and 6.8 % in the LBD group, respectively; <italic>p</italic> = 0.14. The incidence of bloodstream infections at day 30 was lower in the MD group (14.4 %) compared with the LBD group (45.2 %), respectively; <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Using the example of the presented patient cohort who underwent allogeneic HSCT, the use of MD has potential advantages over LBD in the form of a tendency to reduce bloodstream infections and the severe graft-versus-host disease incidence. Further studies with a large number of participants are needed to confirm these findings.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Недостаточность питания – отягощающий фактор при трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК). В связи с необходимостью протекции микробиома кишечника – ключевого звена гомеостаза, подвергающегося выраженному отрицательному комплексному воздействию, развивается концепция, направленная на либерализацию ограничений в питании, что создает предпосылки для улучшения алиментации пациента и ведет к ряду положительных эффектов.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить инфекционную и иммунологическую безопасность модифицированного рациона при ТГСК.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> С 2022 по 2023 г. в рандомизированное исследование на базе НИИ ДОГиТ им. Р. М. Горбачевой включены 406 реципиентов аллогенной ТГСК старше 18 лет, которые соблюдали низкомикробную (НМД) (<italic>n</italic> = 177) или модифицированную (МД) (<italic>n</italic> = 229) диету. В НМД входили общепринятые противоинфекционные ограничения при ТГСК, отсутствие глютена, лактозы и дрожжесодержащих продуктов. При МД сохраняли только принципы противоинфекционных мероприятий при приготовлении, хранении, транспортировке и употреблении блюд, а также запрет резко ограниченного списка продуктов из числа трудноусвояемых и способных механически травмировать слизистые оболочки ротоглотки и желудочно-кишечного тракта.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Группы пациентов были сопоставимы по диагнозу, источнику трансплантата, HLA-совместимости между реципиентом и донором, интенсивности режима кондиционирования и схемам профилактики реакции «трансплантат против хозяина», но не по возрасту: МД – 42,3 года; НМД – 38,4 года; <italic>p</italic> = 0,009. Однолетняя общая выживаемость была сходной в обеих группах: 72 % для МД и 75 % для НМД; <italic>p</italic> = 0,6. Однолетняя безрецидивная летальность была сопоставима между группами: 8,7 % для МД против 9,1 % для НМД; <italic>p</italic> = 0,9. Частота приживления трансплантата на 30-й день не различалась: 83 и 92 % соответственно; <italic>р</italic> = 0,2. Частота развития реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» III–IV степеней составила 3,4 % в группе МД и 6,8 % в группе НМД соответственно; <italic>р</italic> = 0,14. Частота инфекций кровотока на 30-й день была ниже в группе МД (14,4 %) по сравнению с группой НМД (45,2 %); <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> На примере представленной когорты пациентов, перенесших аллогенную ТГСК, установлено, что применение МД имеет потенциальные преимущества по сравнению с НМД в виде тенденции к снижению частоты инфекций кровотока и тяжелых форм реакции «трансплантат против хозяина». Для подтверждения этих выводов необходимы дальнейшие исследования с бо́льшим числом участников.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>low-bacterial diet</kwd><kwd>modified diet</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>низкомикробная диета</kwd><kwd>модифицированная диета</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии внешнего финансирования при проведении исследования</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afanasiev B.V., Zubarovskaya L.S., Moiseev I.S. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: now, problems and prospects. Rossiyskiy zhurnal detskoy gematologii i onkologii = Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 2015;2(2):28–42. (In Russ.). 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