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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1066</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2025-20-4-32-40</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES: TREATMENT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ГЕМОБЛАСТОЗОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The significance of CD20 expression in adult patients with <italic>BCR::ABL1</italic>-negative acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia treated according to RALL-2016 protocol</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Значение экспрессии CD20 у взрослых пациентов с <italic>BCR::ABL1</italic>-негативными острыми В-лимфобластными лейкозами в рамках протокола ОЛЛ-2016</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9969-8482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleshina</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алешина</surname><given-names>Ольга Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr.gavrilina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7968-1923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr.gavrilina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-6066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galtseva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гальцева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr.gavrilina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8044-598X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chabaeva</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чабаева</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr.gavrilina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9877-0796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvirnyk</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Двирнык</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr.gavrilina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-3566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Parovichnikova</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паровичникова</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc (Med.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., член-корреспондент РАН, директор</p></bio><email>dr.gavrilina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.eco-vector.com/ongm/article/view/1066">https://oncohematology.eco-vector.com/ongm/article/view/1066</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Current approaches to the treating BCR::ABL1-negative B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients are aimed at incorporating targeted agents into chemotherapy regimens to improve the efficacy of the first-line therapy. Rituximab was one of the first such drugs to be used and shown to improve survival in B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Its inclusion in treatment regimens for BCR::ABL1-negative B-ALL remains controversial.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To determine the prognostic value of CD20 expression on tumor cells in adult patients with BCR::ABL1-negative B-ALL treated according to the ALL-2016 protocol.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included 143 patients with BCR::ABL1-negative B-ALL who received treatment from December 2016 to February 2024 as part of the multicenter RALL-2016 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03462095). The median patient age was 30 (18–55) years, with a male: female ratio of 71 (50 %):72 (50 %). Immunophenotyping of bone marrow blast cells using flow cytometry was performed in all patients at the disease onset. The presence of the CD20 marker on tumor cells was considered positive if its expression was ≥20 %. From September 2024 to September 2025, four patients received treatment according to the R-RALL-2016m protocol (ALL-2016m including rituximab).</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> In the RALL-2016 study, the frequency of CD20 expression in BCR::ABL1-negative B-ALL was 37 % (53 of 143). Five-year overall survival in BCR::ABL1-negative B-ALL with CD20 expression was 73 %, compared to 68 % in patients negative for this marker (p = 0.9405). Three-year relapse-free survival was 73 and 70 % in the presence and absence of CD20 expression, respectively (p = 0.7944). All patients (4 of 4) achieved bone marrow remission after phase I induction therapy according to the R-RALL-2016m protocol, and 75 % achieved negative minimal residual disease status at the end of induction therapy.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> In adult patients with BCR::ABL1-negative B-ALL, the inclusion of rituximab may improve long-term survival outcomes by more rapidly achieving clinical and hematological remission and increasing the rate of minimal residual disease negativity after induction therapy. Continued follow-up of patients receiving the new protocol is needed to assess the likelihood of late complications and long-term outcomes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Современные подходы к терапии BCR::ABL1-негативных B-клеточных острых лимфобластных лейкозов<bold> </bold>(В-ОЛЛ) направлены на включение в химиотерапевтические программы лечения таргетных препаратов в целях повышения эффективности 1-й линии терапии. Одним из первых таких лекарственных препаратов, который был применен и показал улучшение показателей долгосрочной выживаемости для В-клеточных лимфопролиферативных заболеваний, стал ритуксимаб. Включение этого препарата в схемы лечения BCR::ABL1-негативных В-ОЛЛ остается дискутабельным.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– определить прогностическую значимость экспрессии СD20 на опухолевых клетках у взрослых пациентов с<bold> </bold><italic>BCR</italic><italic>::</italic><italic>ABL</italic><italic>1</italic>-негативным В-ОЛЛ, получающих лечение по протоколу ОЛЛ-2016.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование включены 143 пациента с BCR::ABL1-негативным В-ОЛЛ, которые с декабря 2016 г. по февраль 2024 г. получили терапию в рамках многоцентрового исследования ОЛЛ-2016 (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03462095). Медиана возраста пациентов составила 30 (18–55) лет, соотношение мужчин и женщин – 72 (50 %): 71 (50 %). Всем пациентам в дебюте заболевания выполнено иммунофенотипирование бластных клеток костного мозга методом проточной цитометрии. Наличие маркера СD20 на опухолевых клетках считали положительным, если его экспрессия составляла ≥20 %. С сентября 2024 г. по сентябрь 2025 г. лечение по протоколу R-ОЛЛ-2016m (ОЛЛ-2016m с включением ритуксимаба) получили 4 пациента.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В рамках исследования ОЛЛ-2016 частота экспрессии CD20 при BCR::ABL1-негативных В-ОЛЛ составила 37 % (53 из 143). Пятилетняя общая выживаемость при BCR::ABL1-негативных В-ОЛЛ с экспрессией CD20 составила 73 %, а у пациентов с отсутствием данного маркера – 68 % (р = 0,9405). Трехлетняя безрецидивная выживаемость составила 73 и 70 % при наличии и отсутствии экспрессии CD20 соответственно (р = 0,7944). У всех пациентов после I фазы индукции по протоколу R-ОЛЛ-2016m достигнута костномозговая ремиссия заболевания и у 75 % – негативный статус по минимальной остаточной болезни по окончании индукционной терапии.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>У взрослых пациентов с BCR::ABL1-негативным В-ОЛЛ включение ритуксимаба может потенциально улучшить долгосрочные результаты выживаемости за счет более быстрого достижения клинико-гематологической ремиссии заболевания и увеличения частоты негативного статуса по минимальной остаточной болезни после завершения индукционной терапии. Необходимо более длительное наблюдение за этой группой пациентов для оценки вероятности развития как отсроченных осложнений, так и долгосрочных результатов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute lymphoblastic leukemia</kwd><kwd>adult</kwd><kwd>rituximab</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый лимфобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>взрослые</kwd><kwd>ритуксимаб</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Algorithms for diagnosis and protocols for the treatment of the blood system diseases. Ed.: V.G. Savchenko. Vol. 1. Мoscow: Praktika, 2018. Pp. 571–617, 887–959. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алгоритмы диагностики и протоколы лечения заболеваний системы крови. Под ред. В.Г. Савченко. Т. 1. М.: Практика, 2018. 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