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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1068</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2025-20-4-51-62</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИЯ ГЕМОПОЭТИЧЕСКИХ СТВОЛОВЫХ КЛЕТОК</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Efficacy of second autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность повторной аутологичной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у пациентов с множественной миеломой</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4966-8146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mendeleeva</surname><given-names>Larisa P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Менделеева</surname><given-names>Лариса Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc (Med.), Professor, Head of the Management Division for Scientific and Educational Work, Head of the Division of Chemotherapy of Paraproteinemic Hemoblastosis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, руководитель управления по научной работе и образованию, заведующая отделом химиотерапии парапротеинемических гемобластозов</p></bio><email>irugova.e@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-9507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Irugova</surname><given-names>Elmira Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иругова</surname><given-names>Эльмира Залимхановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>irugova.e@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7944-6202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovev</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьев</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>irugova.e@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4142-171X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloveva</surname><given-names>Maya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьева</surname><given-names>Майя Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>solomaiia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-5763</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyasova</surname><given-names>Galina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клясова</surname><given-names>Галина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc (Med.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory for Clinical Bacteriology, Mycology and Antimicrobial Therapy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующая лабораторией клинической бактериологии микологии и противомикробной терапии</p></bio><email>irugova.e@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6236-7137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Startsev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старцев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>irugova.e@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0930-5699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Starchenko</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старченко</surname><given-names>С. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>irugova.e@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6288-7570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликов</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>irugova.e@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.eco-vector.com/ongm/article/view/1068">https://oncohematology.eco-vector.com/ongm/article/view/1068</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Therapeutic options for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) after primary autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) may include not only modern targeted therapies but also second auto-HSCT.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To evaluate the efficacy of second auto-HSCT in the treatment of the first MM relapse, to identify prognostic factors influencing progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and to compare the early post-transplantation period following primary and second auto-HSCT.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> This retrospective study included 23 patients (13 men and 10 women, median age 52 years) with MM who underwent primary auto-HSCT as consolidation after induction therapy and second auto-HSCT during the treatment of their first disease relapse. The effect of second auto-HSCT was assessed based on PFS and OS. In addition, the analysis of results also considered the PFS from primary auto-HSCT to the first relapse / disease progression.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The median PFS after second auto-HSCT was 26 months. Survival outcomes were significantly better in patients with a PFS of more than 18 months after primary auto-HSCT compared to those with a PFS of less than 18 months (median 32 months <italic>vs</italic> 9 months).</p> <p>Overall survival outcomes after second auto-HSCT were highly encouraging: the median OS was 75 months, with 3-year survival reaching 82 % and 6-year survival – 70 %.</p> <p>Second auto-HSCT was not associated with a higher risk of infectious complications in the early post-transplant period or a prolonged recovery of blood count parameters compared to primary auto-HSCT.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Based on our results and literature data, second auto-HSCT can be safely performed in most MM patients who have relapsed after primary auto-HSCT.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Терапевтические варианты для пациентов с рецидивирующей множественной миеломой (ММ) после первичной аутологичной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ауто-ТГСК) могут включать не только современные таргетные препараты, но и повторную ауто-ТГСК.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучение эффективности повторной ауто-ТГСК при лечении 1-го рецидива ММ, определение прогностических факторов, влияющих на выживаемость без прогрессирования (ВБП) и общую выживаемость (ОВ) больных после повторной ауто-ТГСК, а также сравнение течения раннего посттрансплантационного периода после первичной и повторной ауто-ТГСК.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В ретроспективное исследование включены 23 пациента (13 мужчин и 10 женщин, медиана возраста 52 года) с ММ, которым выполнены первичная ауто-ТГСК в качестве консолидации индукционной терапии и повторная ауто-ТГСК на этапе лечения 1-го рецидива заболевания. Оценку эффективности повторной ауто-ТГСК проводили по показателям ВБП и ОВ после нее. Кроме того, при анализе результатов учитывали ВБП от первичной ауто-ТГСК до 1-го рецидива / прогрессирования заболевания.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Медиана ВБП после выполнения повторной ауто-ТГСК составила 26 мес, показатели выживаемости были статистически значимо выше у больных группы с ВБП после первичной ауто-ТГСК более 18 мес по сравнению с больными группы с ВБП менее 18 мес (медиана 32 мес против 9 мес).</p> <p>При оценке ОВ больных после повторной ауто-ТГСК отмечены весьма оптимистичные результаты: медиана ОВ составила 75 мес, 3-летняя выживаемость достигала 82 %, 6-летняя – 70 %.</p> <p>Повторная ауто-ТГСК не сопровождалась более высоким риском инфекционных осложнений в раннем посттрансплантационном периоде и длительным периодом восстановления показателей гемограммы по сравнению с первичной ауто-ТГСК.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Повторная ауто-ТГСК может быть безопасно выполнена большинству больных ММ, у которых развился рецидив заболевания после первичной ауто-ТГСК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple myeloma</kwd><kwd>second autologous stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>relapsed multiple myeloma</kwd><kwd>overall survival</kwd><kwd>progression-free survival</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>множественная миелома</kwd><kwd>повторная аутологичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>рецидив множественной миеломы</kwd><kwd>общая выживаемость</kwd><kwd>выживаемость без прогрессирования</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semochkin S.V. 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